Biomimetic, Programmable, and Part‐by‐Part Maneuverable Single‐Body Shape‐Morphing Film

Recently, shape-morphing films (SMFs) have been actively researched due to their diverse applications such as soft robotics, grippers, and healthcare/wearable devices. Their complex movements are typically made by assembling multiple actuation elements in a single system. However, the unreliability during assembly process is critical issue, which has restricted practical usage. In order resolve this problem, herein, biomimetic, programmable, part-by-part maneuverable single-body SMF proposed. Programming of adopts similar mechanism Bauhinia variegates, whereby nonequivalent volume changes external stimuli cause bending overall film. The patterned elastic modulus SU-8 microwall prescribes preferred direction. Part-by-part maneuvering accomplished controlling voltage distribution underlying electrothermal heater. fabricated demonstrates inchworm (pose stabilization: front-to-back flip back-to-front flip; basic movements: crawl, left turn, right turn) Drosera Capensis (insect gripping via hierarchical morphology). proposed method for fabrication can successfully replace conventional achieve advanced technology enabling various toward applications.